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This is a regularly updated list of pediatric literature regarding COVID-19 disease. The papers are reviewed by Julia Lehner and the Pediatric Infectious Diseases team of the UKBB.
If you have suggestions for literature to add, please email Julia Lehner and Nicole Ritz.
Date of publication | Title/URL/Journal/Publication type | Author | Summary |
---|---|---|---|
12/03/2020 | Coronavirus Infectionsin Children Including COVID-19 - An Overview of the Epidemiology, ClinicalFeatures, Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention Options in Children. | Zimmermann P. et al. | This article provides an overview of coronavirus infections in children highlighting similarities and differences between common circulating human coronaviruses (HCoV2-229E, -HKU1, -NL63, -OC43), severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).
The
seven human pathogenic coronaviruses are part of a large family of enveloped
single-stranded, zoonotic RNA viruses belonging to the family Coronaviridea. Common
circulating human coronaviruses are believed to have their origin in bats
(229E, NL63), dromedary camels (229E) and cattle (OC43). The capacity of rapid
mutation and recombination is leading to novel coronaviruses with spreading
from animals to humans: SARS-CoV (originating from civet cats, bats as
reservoirs), MERS-CoV (originating from dromedary camels, bats as reservoirs),
SARS-CoV-2 (pangolins as suspected origin). Clinical manifestations of COVID-19 in children are described using information from three case series from China, as this was an early review article Generally,
children seem to be less severely affected than adults. However, the importance
of viral transmission by children remains unknown. |
Date of publication | Title/URL/Journal/Publication type | Author | Summary |
---|---|---|---|
08/04/2020 | Screening and Severityof Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Children in Madrid, Spain. |
Tagarro
A. et al. | This
study includes screening data of 30 secondary and tertiary hospitals in Madrid
between March 2, 2020 and March 16, 2020 to report the proportion of pediatric
SARS-CoV-2 infections (confirmed by RT PCR) and the severity of disease in
children. Screening criteria were significant disease, admission to hospital or typical clinical manifestations for COVID-19 with the risk of complication due to underlying medical conditions.
By
March 16, 2020, 41 of 365 screened children (11.2%) tested positive for
SARS-CoV-2. The median age of the children with SARS-CoV-2 infection was 1 year. 25 children (60%) were hospitalized and 4 (9.7%) required intensive care and respiratory support beyond oxygen in nasal prongs. No patient died. Initial clinical manifestations were classified as upper respiratory tract infection (34%), fever without a source (27%), viral-like pneumonia (15%), bronchiolitis (12%), gastroenteritis or vomiting (5%), bacterial-like pneumonia (5%) and asthma flare (2%). Co-infections with influenza B were reported in 2 patients. |
06/04/2020 | Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Children — United States,February 12–April 2, 2020. |
Bialek
S. et al. | Preliminary
description of pediatric U.S. COVID-19 cases reported to CDC between February
12, 2020 and April 2, 2020. Among
149,082 laboratory-confirmed cases for which age was known, 2,572 (1.7%) were
children aged <18 years. Median age was 11 years. Cases in the age groups of
15 to 17 and 10-14 years accounted together for the main part of pediatric cases
with 32% and 27%, respectively. Data
on clinical manifestations were available for 11% of pediatric and 9.6% of
adult cases aged 18-64 years. 73% of pediatric patients presented with fever,
cough or shortness of breath compared with 93% of the adult patients. 56% of the
pediatric patients had fever, 54% cough and 13% shortness of breath in contrast
to 71%, 80% and 43% in the adult age group from 18-64 years. Of
the pediatric cases with known hospitalization status (29%), 20% received
inpatient treatment and 2% required admission to ICU. In relation to all
reported pediatric cases, 5.7% were hospitalized and 0.58% admitted to ICU. Three
pediatric patients died. Highest proportions of hospitalization were in children
aged < 1y (62%). Information
about underlying medical conditions was available in 13% of the pediatric
cases. Among those 23% had at least one underlying condition. Most commonly reported
were chronic lung disease, cardiovascular disease or immunosuppression. Due
to the high percentage of missing data, statistical comparisons were not done. |
25/03/2020 | Clinical and epidemiological features of 36children with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Zhejiang, China: anobservational cohort study. The
Lancet, Article, online first. |
Qiu
H. et al. | In
this case series from three hospitals in China including 36 children with
confirmed COVID-19 (by RT-PCR) 53% of the patients showed moderate clinical
manifestation with pneumonia; 47% had mild symptoms or were asymptomatic. |
24/03/2020 | ClinicalCharacteristics of Children with Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Hubei, China. Current Medical Science, Article. |
Zheng
F. et al. | This
multicenter study reports clinical characteristics of 25 pediatric COVID-19
cases (median age 3 years) confirmed by RT-PCR and admitted to 10 public
hospitals across Hubei province between February 1, 2020 and February 10, 2020. Reported
symptoms were fever (52%), dry cough (44%), diarrhea (12%), nasal congestion
(8%), dyspnea (8%), abdominal pain (8%) and vomiting (8%). Laboratory
findings showed lymphopenia in 10 patients and the median CRP was 14.5mg/l.
Co-infections were reported in 6 patients (influenza B, Mycoplasma pneumoniae,
Enterobacter aerogenes). Chest
CT revealed unilateral involvement in 20.8% and bilateral involvement in 45.8%
of the patients with mostly patchy shadows or lung consolidations. Bilateral
lung lesions were more common in children aged <3 years. A third of the children
had a normal chest CT. The
clinical manifestations were classified as upper respiratory infection in 8 and
as mild pneumonia in 15 cases. Two
patients with congenital heart disease (aged 8 and 12 months) were critically ill
and required mechanical ventilation; in one case also including kidney
replacement therapy. Until
the last day of data collection, the clinical condition of 24 patients improved
and one patient was already discharged after full recovery. |
19/03/2020 | Clinical features ofsevere pediatric patients with coronavirus disease 2019 in Wuhan: a singlecenter’s observational study. World
Journal of pediatrics, Original
article, published online. | Sun D. et al. | This
case series reports clinical features of 8 severely or critically ill children
(aged 2 months to 15 years) with SARS-CoV-2 infection treated at ICU of the
Wuhan Children’s Hospital between January 24, 2020 and February 24, 2020. All
patients had tachypnea. Fever and cough was present in six patients. Other
observed symptoms were expectoration of sputum, vomiting, diarrhea, fatigue,
myalgia, headache and constipation. Two patients developed septic shock as
complication. Radiology
showed bilateral pneumonia in six and unilateral pneumonia in two patients.
Multiple patch-like shadows and ground-glass opacities were most common
radiological features. Laboratory findings showed increased C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, lactate dehydrogenase in five patients and elevated alanine aminotransferase in four patients. Considerable
increased cytokine concentrations were seen for IL-6 and IFN-γ in two patients each and mildly elevated IL-10 in five patients.
Highest IL-6 concentrations were seen in the most severely affected patients. Among
six patients receiving high-flow oxygen therapy, two patients required mechanical
ventilation during disease progression. Antiviral treatments (virazole,
oseltamivir and interferon) were established in all patients. At the end of
data collection, five patients were discharged after recovery and three
patients were still in intensive care. |
18/03/2020 | SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Children. The
New England Journal of Medicine, Correspondence, published online. |
Lu
X. et al.
| This
study from the Wuhan Children’s Hospital determined the spectrum of disease in
children by testing both symptomatic and asymptomatic children after contact
with SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals. |
17/03/2020 | A 55-Day-Old Female Infant Infected With 2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease: Presenting With Pneumonia, Liver Injury, and Heart Damage.
The
Journal of Infectious Diseases, Brief
report, corrected proof. |
Cui
Y. et al. | This
study reports the case of a previously healthy 55-day old infant with SARS-CoV-2
infection presenting with bilateral pneumonia, elevated cardiac biomarkers and
liver enzymes. Disease
progression occurred from day 7 through 11 of illness with oxygen requirement.
From day 12 onwards, the patient’s clinical condition gradually improved.
Respiratory symptoms disappeared on day 16 of illness. The timing of our
patient’s progression and duration of symptoms is consistent with that reported
in adults. The
child and her parents had been in contact with relatives with cough and fever
12 to 4 days before disease onset. The
breast milk of the mother was tested for SARS-CoV-2 but remained negative. |
16/03/2020 | Epidemiological Characteristics of 2143 Pediatric Patients with 2019 Coronavirus Disease in China. | Dong Y. et al. | This Chinese nationwide
case series aims to identify the epidemiological characteristics and
transmission patterns of pediatric patients with COVID-19. The study included 731
(34%) laboratory confirmed cases and 1412 (66%) suspected cases reported to the
Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Clinical manifestations in
children were less severe compared to those in adult patients with over 90%
asymptomatic, mild or moderate cases. The proportion of severe and critical cases was
highest in children below 1 year of age (10.6%). In the older age groups
proportions were as follows 1-5y: 7.3%; 6-10y: 4.2%; 11-15y: 4.1% and ≥ 16y:
3.0%. One 14-year old boy died. |
12/03/2020 | Detection of Covid-19 in Children in Early January2020 in Wuhan, China.
The
New England Journal of Medicine, Correspondence, online first. | Liu W. et al. | This case series describes clinical characteristics of six hospitalized children in Wuhan with SARS-CoV2 detection. Median age was 3 years (range 1 to 7); all had fever > 39°C and cough. Four children showed vomiting. One patient required intensive care admission. Lymphytopenia was seen in six and neutropenia in three children. All children recovered after median 7.5 (range 5-13) days. |
28/02/2020 | A Case Series of children with 2019 novel coronavirus infection: clinical and epidemiological features. Clinical
Infectious Diseases, Accepted
Manuscript. | Cai J. et al. | Case series of 10 children with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection (aged 3 to 131 months, mean 74 months) admitted to five children’s hospitals outside of Wuhan between January 19, 2020 and February 3, 2020. The main route of transmission (70%) was direct contact with adults with transmission in the same family. In household exposure settings the mean number of secondary cases was 2.4. The mean incubation period after direct exposure to a COVID-19 case was 6.5 days (2-10 days). 8 children had fever, 6 cough, 4 sore throat, 3 blocked nose and 2 sneezing and rhinorrhea. None of the patients showed dyspnea or diarrhea.
Nasopharyngeal swabs became
negative for SARS-CoV-2 within 6-22 days (mean 12 days). Six patients feces
were tested for SARS-CoV-2 with positive result. At the final day of data
collection SARS-CoV-2 was still detectable in fecal samples of 5 patients
(18-30 days after illness onset). |
14/02/2020 | Novel Coronavirus Infection in HospitalizedInfants Under 1 Year of Age in China. Journal of the American Medical Association, Research letter, published online. |
Wei
M. et al. | This study included all hospitalized infants with COVID-19 (aged 28 days to 1 year) between December 8 2019 and February 6, 2020 in China. Nine infants were identified. None required intensive care admission or mechanical ventilation. Four
infants had fever, two mild upper respiratory tract symptoms and 1 had no
symptoms (2 had no information on symptoms available). |
Date of Publication | Titel/ URL/ Journal/ Publication Type | Author | Summary |
---|---|---|---|
13/03/2020 | Characteristics ofpediatric SARS-CoV-2 infection and potential evidence for persistent fecalviral shedding.
Nature
Medicine, Brief communication. | Xu Y. et al. | Single-centre
prospective observational study screening children high suspicion (contact with
confirmed case or with family related outbreak) of SARS-CoV-2 infection by nasopharyngeal
swab real-time RT-PCR in Guangzhou between January 22, 2020 and February 20,
2020. 745 children were included of which 10 (1.3%) were confirmed to have SARS-CoV-2 infection. Applying the same screening criteria in adults, 3.5% (111 out of 3174) tested positive (2.7-fold difference, p = 0.002). On admission of the ten infected children, 7 had fever, 5 cough, 2 nasal congestion and rhinorrhoea, 3 diarrhoea. One child was asymptomatic. There were no definite signs of pneumonia in chest x-rays. No co-infections with other respiratory viruses were detected and no admissions to intensive care units or respiratory support were required. Follow-up
nasopharyngeal and rectal swabs showed persistently positive results for rectal
specimens in 8 patients after nasopharyngeal swabs already had become negative. Cycle threshold values of the serial RT-PCR suggest greater and longer viral shedding from the digestive system than that from the respiratory tract. As the presence of replication-competent viruses in feces remains unclear further investigation on potential fecal-oral transmission is needed. |
05/03/2020 | Clinical and CT featuresin pediatric patients with COVID‐19 infection: Different points from adults. | Xia W. et al. | This
case series of 20 children with SARS-CoV-2 infection (aged from 1 day to 14
years, median age of 2 years) compares pediatric clinical and CT features of
COVID-19 to those of adults. 80%
of the affected children had an increased procalcitonin level (> 0.05 mg/L).
Co-infections
were reported (40%) including Mycoplasma pneumoniae (n=4), influenza (n=3), RSV
(n=1), CMV (n=1). For
radiological findings, 50% of the patients presented bilateral pulmonary
lesions, 30% had unilateral lesions and 20% showed no abnormality on chest CT.
Most common CT features were ground-glass opacities (60%) similar to those in
adults. Consolidations with surrounding halo sign were detected in 50% of the
patients and might be a typical sign in affected children. |
28/02/2020 | A Well Infant With Coronavirus Disease 2019 With High Viral Load. Clinical Infectious
Diseases, Brief report, corrected proof. | Kam K. et al. | Case
report of a 6-month-old, nearly asymptomatic boy with high viral load of
SARS-CoV-2 who was admitted to KK Women’s and Children’s hospital in Singapore
because of his parent’s inpatient treatment due to COVID-19. On
admission rRT-PCR of nasopharyngeal specimen showed a low cycle threshold for
SARS-CoV-2, suggesting high viral load. On
day 2 of hospitalization the boy became viremic with detection of SARS-CoV-2 in
his blood and was transiently febrile (38.5°C) for one hour during that period.
Otherwise he remained asymptomatic. Daily
nasopharyngeal swabs became negative for SARS-CoV-2 on day 17 of admission. Stool
samples were negative for SARS-CoV-2 on day 2, but positive on day 8 of
hospitalization without presentation of any gastrointestinal symptoms. Urine
samples were tested negative for SARS-CoV-2 on day 2 and 8 of admission. |
Date of Publication | Titel/ URL/ Journal/ Publication Type | Author | Summary |
---|---|---|---|
03/04/2020 | Coronavirus Disease 2019 and Children What Pediatric Health Care Clinicians Need to Know. | Rasmussen
S. et al. | This
document summarizes the current level of knowledge regarding pediatric COVID-19
cases and makes recommendations to minimize exposure in health care
institutions by establishing different waiting zones for suspected cases and cancelling
non-urgent appointments after robust telephone triage. The
authors alert pediatricians to health disparities resulting through community
mitigations interventions and suggest providing online mental health service
for stress management for families. |
01/04/2020 | Strategic plan for management of COVID-19 in paediatric haematology and oncology departments.
The Lancet, Comment, online first. | He Y. et al. | This
document proposes a strategic plan for the management of COVID-19 outbreaks in paediatric
haematology and oncology departments. The
authors recommend the formation of a COVID-19 expert committee to make medical
decisions in multidisciplinary consultation meetings. In order to reduce
in-hospital infections the establishment of 4 zones within each hospital is
suggested: surveillance and screening zone, suspected quarantine zone, COVID-19
confirmed quarantine zone, hematological oncology ward. For patients with acute
leukemia and acute non-lymphocytic leukemia scheduled chemotherapy should not
be interrupted during induction treatment unless COVID-19 is suspected or
confirmed. In general, no treatment delay of more than 7 days is recommended. For patients with lymphoma
or other solid tumors the authors suggest to avoid any delay until they are in
complete remission. They propose a maximal treatment delay of 7 days for
patients in complete remission. For children in complete
remission receiving maintenance chemotherapy the authors recommend treatment
delay for no more than 14 days. For children in primary
disease remission treatment of COVID-19 should be prioritized. Individual
decisions are necessary in children who are not in remission depending on their
general condition. |
Date of publication | Title/URL/ Journal/ Publication type | Author | Summary |
---|---|---|---|
13/04/2020 | Universal Screening forSARS-CoV-2 in Women Admitted for Delivery. |
Sutton
D. et al. | This document reports results from a universal screening for SARS-CoV-2 in pregnant women admitted for delivery to the New York-Presbyterian Allen Hospital and Columbia University Irving Medical Center between March 22, 2020 and April 4, 2020. 215 pregnant women were assessed of which 29 (13.7%) tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 without any symptoms. Only four SARS-CoV-2 positive women were symptomatic on admission. Three initially asymptomatic women with detection of SARS-CoV-2 developed fever postpartum. One woman with a negative result on admission became symptomatic after delivery and was confirmed to have SARS-CoV-2 infection in a second nasopharyngeal swab.
The
authors propose a universal screening of hospitalized pregnant women due to the
high proportion of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 affected patients in order to protect
mothers, children and health care teams. |
26/03/2020 | Possible Vertical Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 From an Infected Mother to Her Newborn.
Journal
of the American Medical Association, Research
letter, online first. |
Dong L. et al. | Case report of a 29-year-old pregnant woman with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection 4 weeks before birth with nasal congestion and 37.9°C temperature progressing to respiratory difficulties with oxygen demand. The CT scan showed bilateral ground-glass opacities. One day antepartum maternal IgM and IgG antibody levels for SARS-CoV-2 were increased: IgG 107.89 AU/mL and IgM 279.72 AU/mL. The infant was delivered by Cesarean section at 38 weeks in a negative pressure isolation room. There was no contact between mother and child after birth. The child remained asymptomatic with normal chest CT and was transferred to the pediatric hospital. At 2 hours of age the infants SARS-CoV-2 IgG level was 140.32 AU/mL and the IgM level was 45.83 AU/mL, which decreased to IgG 69.94 AU/mL and IgM 11.75 AU/mL at 16 days of age. The infants SARS-CoV-2 testing remained negative on five nasopharyngeal swabs taken from 2 hours to 16 days of age. The significance of the IgM antibodies in the neonate remain unclear and the authors speculate in-utero infection as IgM antibodies do not pass the placenta. |
26/03/2020 | Antibodies in Infants Born to Mothers With COVID-19 Pneumonia.
Journal
of the American Medical Association, Research
letter, online first. | Zeng H. et al. | This
study reports serological characteristics for 6 neonates from mothers with confirmed
COVID-19 and mild disease during the third trimester of pregnancy in Wuhan. All
infants were delivered by Cesarean section and immediately isolated from their
mothers after birth and none developed symptoms. Blood samples were collected from the mothers at delivery and neonatal blood and throat swab samples were collected at birth. Placenta, cord blood and amniotic fluid were not tested for SARS-CoV-2. None
of the neonates was positive for SARS-CoV-2 in throat swabs or blood. 5
mothers had elevated (> 10 AU/mL) IgG and 4 elevated (> 10 AU/mL) IgM. 2
neonates had elevated IgG and IgM and 3 had elevated IgG only. One
mother-child-pair had normal SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgM. The authors discuss two possibilities for
elevated IgM antibodies in neonates: transfer from mother to child due to a
COVID-19 induced placenta pathology or in-utero infection. |
26/03/2020 | Neonatal Early-Onset Infection With SARS-CoV-2 in 33 Neonates Born to Mothers With COVID-19 in Wuhan, China. Journal
of the American Medical Association, Research
letter, online first. |
Zeng L. et al. | Cohort study including all neonates born to mothers with COVID-19 in Wuhan Children’s Hospital from January to February 2020. 33 infants were identified of which three were confirmed to have SARS-CoV-2 infection. Nasopharyngeal and anal swab in the affected neonates were positive for SARS-CoV-2 on day 2 and 4 and became negative on day 6 to 7 of life. Two term infants (40 weeks gestation) born by Cesarean section developed fever and lethargy or vomiting and radiologically-confirmed pneumonia. Laboratory investigations showed leukocytosis, lymphopenia and elevated creatinine kinase-MB fraction. One infant born preterm at 31 weeks by Cesarean section required resuscitation and noninvasive ventilation with neonatal respiratory distress syndrome and pneumonia. Blood culture was positive for Enterobacter agglomerates. Laboratory findings showed leukocytosis, thrombocytopenia and coagulopathy. The severe manifestation in this child might have been caused by prematurity and sepsis. |
24/03/2020 | Clinical features and obstetric and neonataloutcomes of pregnant patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective, single-centre, descriptive study. |
Yu N. et al. | This
is a single-centre cases series of seven pregnant women with confirmed
SARS-CoV-2 infection and their neonates.
The
mean age of the women was 32 years and mean gestational age was 39 (ranged 37
to 42) weeks. All women had Cesarean
section. Six women had bilateral and one women unilateral pneumonia.
Co-infections with H1N1 influenza and Legionella pneumophilia were present in
two women. The outcome of all women was good with no intensive care admissions.
The
Apgar scores and birth weights in the infants were normal. The
infants were tested for SARS-CoV2 and one infants was positive in a throat swab
at 36h after birth. This neonate had mild shortness of breath symptoms and
signs for a mild pulmonary infection in the chest x-ray and was discharged
after 2 weeks and following two negative swabs. |
17/03/2020 | Perinatal Transmissionof COVID-19 Associated SARS-CoV-2: Should We Worry? |
Fan
C. et al.
| This study reports two cases of good outcomes of neonates from mothers with SARS-CoV-2 infection during third trimester of pregnancy. Both infants were delivered by Cesarean section. One infant was separated from her mother immediately after birth without skin-to-skin contact. The infant developed low-grade fever, abdominal distention, lymphopenia and bilateral pneumonia on day 3 of life. Specimens of maternal serum, cord blood, placenta tissue, amniotic fluid, vaginal swab, breast milk and newborn’s nasopharyngeal swab were negative for SARS-CoV2.
The second infant also developed lymphopenia and
pneumonia without detection of SARS-CoV-2. |
12/03/2020 | A case report of neonatal COVID-19 infection in China. |
Wang
S. et al.
| This
is a case report of a neonate with pharyngeal swab tested positive for
SARS-CoV-2 36 hours after birth. The
mother became symptomatic shortly before emergency Cesarean section. The infant
had no contact with the mother after birth. The
infant developed bilateral pneumonia on CT scan but remained clinically
asymptomatic. The
mode of transmission remains unclear as there was no nucleic acid detection of
SARS-CoV-2 in specimens of cord blood, placenta and breast milk. As
intrauterine and postnatal transmission could be possible the authors suggest
to test all of the specimens in suspected pregnant women and their newborns,
including pharyngeal swabs, peripheral blood, placental tissue after delivery,
amniotic fluid, cord blood, newborn pharyngeal swabs, and breast milk, for
in-depth study. |
07/03/2020 | Clinical characteristicsand intrauterine vertical transmission potential of COVID-19 infection in ninepregnant women: a retrospective review of medical records. The Lancet, Article,
Volume 395, Issue 10226 |
Chen
H. et al.
| Cases
series of nine pregnant women (aged 26 to 40 years) with confirmed SARS-CoV-2
infection during the third trimester of pregnancy. On admission, the range of
gestational age was 36 to 39 weeks. 7
women had fever, 4 cough, 3 myalgia, 2 sore throat, 2 malaise and 1 diarrhea. Lymphopenia
was seen in 5 and elevated aminotransferase levels in 3 patients. 8 patients
showed ground-glass opacities in CT scans. All women received oxygen therapy.
None required mechanical ventilation. There
were signs for fetal distress in two cases. All 9 neonates were delivered by
Cesarean section with normal Apgar scores. None developed symptoms. At
delivery collected specimens of amniotic fluid, cord blood, neonatal throath
swab and breastmilk of 6 mother-child-pairs were tested negative for
SARS-CoV-2. |
28/02/2020 | A case of 2019 Novel Coronavirus in a pregnant woman with preterm delivery. Clinical
Infectious Diseases, Accepted Manuscript. |
Wang X. et al.
| Case
report of a 30-week pregnant, 28-year-old woman with SARS-CoV-2 infection with
intermittent fever for one week after travelling to Wuhan 3 weeks earlier.
Laboratory findings showed lymphopenia and low levels of albumin. On admission,
the fetal ultrasound was normal. The woman developed radiologically-confirmed
bilateral pneumonia with increasing oxygen demand. Six
days after first presentation fetal movement disappeared with loss of variability
of fetal heart rate and an emergency Cesarean section was performed. Cord
blood, placenta tissue and amniotic fluid, were negative for SARS-CoV-2. The
newborn was asymptomatic and gastric aspirate and throat swab at birth and 3
days later remained SARS-CoV-2 negative. |
06/02/2020 | Clinical analysis of 10neonates born to mothers with 2019-nCoV pneumonia. | Zhu H. et al. | Case
series reporting clinical features and outcomes of 10 neonates (including one
pair of twins) from mothers with SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy. Positive
results for SARS-CoV-2 by nucleic acid testing of throat swabs specimens were
found in all pregnant women expect for the mother of the twins. Six women
presented with first clinical manifestations before and 3 women after delivery.
Common symptoms were fever and cough. CT scans showed typical changes Seven
women had Cesarean section and two delivered vaginally. Perinatal fetal
distress was reported in six cases. Among the neonates, six were born prematurely
(31 to 35 weeks of gestation). In
the neonates, shortness of breath was the most common symptom (60%). Other
clinical manifestations recorded were gastrointestinal symptoms including
bleeding (40%), fever (20%) and tachycardia (10%). Chest radiographies showed
signs for infection (n=4), neonatal respiratory distress disorder (n=2) and
pneumothorax (n=1). None of the neonates was positive for SARS-CoV-2 in throat
swabs. One
infant died on day 9 of life due to refractory shock, multiple organ failure
and disseminated intravascular coagulation. At
the end of data collection, 5 neonates have been cured and discharged and 4
remained hospitalized in stable condition. |
Date of publication | Title/URL/Journal/Publication type | Author | Summary |
---|---|---|---|
07/04/2020 | COVID-19, school closures, and child poverty: asocial crisis in the making. The Lancet, Comment,
online first. | Van Lancker W. | This
document discusses how school closures affect children in the USA and Europe in
low-income families. Exacerbating of food insecurity for those depending on
free school meals and an increasing gap between children from lower and higher
socioeconomic backgrounds resulting from lack of an adequate study place and
internet access. |
31/03/2020 | Protecting the psychological health of children through effective communication about COVID-19.
The Lancet, Comment, online first. |
Dalton L. et al. | This document emphasizes the importance of honest, age-based information for children about changes due to the current COVID-19 pandemic in order to protect their psychological health. |
25/03/2020 | Parenting in a time ofCOVID-19. The
Lancet, Correspondence, online first. |
Cluver L. et al. | This document indicates
evidence that child abuse increases during periods of school closures
associated with health emergencies and informs about health institutions
providing online parenting resources during COVID-19. |
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