In/out gear

FrequencyDeformities of the inward or outward gait occur mainly in young children, as their bones and joints are still growing. These deformities are often still visible in adolescents, as the gait pattern changes as they grow.

CauseThe causes can be manifold. One common cause is the lack of or delayed maturation of the musculoskeletal system. Genetic factors, unequal leg lengths or certain diseases such as neurological disorders can also play a role.

Congenital or acquiredIn most cases, this is a congenital deformity. Sometimes, however, deformities can also occur during the course of development, for example due to inadequate encouragement of movement or poor posture in early childhood.

Children with an inward or outward gait may have difficulty walking. The gait appears unnatural, which leads to an uneven load on the joints. In severe cases, pain, increased fatigue or an unsteady gait may also occur. Learning to walk can also be more difficult for children with such deformities.

In addition to a physical examination and static imaging, for example using X-rays, a movement analysis can help to categorise the gait pattern more precisely and better assess the severity of a gait disorder.

ConservativeConservative treatment is sufficient in many cases. This includes follow-up at intervals adapted to the patient's age. Special exercises, physiotherapy and shoe adjustments or orthoses (splints) can be useful to stabilise the joints and improve the gait pattern.

SurgicalSurgical treatment may be necessary in severe or long-lasting cases, especially if conservative measures are unsuccessful or if there is an unfavourable situation that carries the risk of joint degeneration in early adulthood. However, this is rare in this context.

Prognosis without treatment: With mild inward or outward gait, the gait pattern is likely to normalise as the child grows. In the case of more severe deformities, the deformities can worsen without treatment and lead to permanent problems with the musculoskeletal system. Children may be restricted in their freedom of movement and develop long-term joint damage.

Prognosis with treatment: By analysing the underlying deformity in detail and providing consistent treatment, especially for severe deformities, walking ability, endurance and the risk of consequential damage can be significantly reduced.